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Factory Work: Warhol, Wyeth and Basquiat

September 9 - November 19, 2006

 

Factory Work: Warhol, Wyeth and Basquiat, on exhibition September 9 through November 19, 2006 at the Brandywine River Museum, explores the fascinating collaborations in the late 1970s and early 1980s between Pop artist Andy Warhol (1928-1987) and realist Jamie Wyeth (b. 1946), and between Warhol and New York graffiti artist Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-1988). The exhibition provides clues to understanding these unique partnerships and offers examples of how these very different artists influenced and inspired each other.

Wyeth and Basquiat were young, independent artists with established reputations when Andy Warhol invited each of them to paint at the "Factory," his New York City studio. Warhol mentored the younger artists who, in turn, enabled him to connect with new audiences in an evolving art world.

 

(above: Andy Warhol (1928-1987), Self Portrait with Skull (1978), synthetic polymer paint and silkscreen ink on canvas, collection of Phyllis Wyeth, © Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts / ARS, NY.)

 

Wyeth, son of realist painter Andrew Wyeth and grandson of illustrator N.C. Wyeth, had his first one-man exhibition at Knoedler Gallery in 1976 at the age of 20. During his friendship with Warhol, the two shopped for antiques and taxidermy specimens together, attended art exhibition and gallery openings, discussed popular culture, and exchanged ideas. Warhol repeatedly visited Wyeth's farm in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania. Warhol's published diaries chronicle one of these visits.

Warhol and Wyeth painted each other's portraits. One journalist referred to a 1976 exhibition of the portraits at the Coe Kerr Gallery in New York City as "The Patriarch of Pop Paints the Prince of Realism." In addition, they collaborated on a painting of a large pig for a Washington, DC, charity event. Jamie Wyeth continues to create works saluting his adventures with Warhol. Wyeth's The Wind (1999) is a modern interpretation of a post-Pre-Raphaelite painting owned by Warhol. Factory Lunch (2004) depicts Warhol at the Factory, and Fred Hughes (2005) captures Warhol with his ever-present tape recorder and his business manager.

 

(above: Andy Warhol (1928-1987), Portrait of James Wyeth (1976), synthetic polymer paint and silkscreen ink on canvas, collection of James Wyeth, © Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts / ARS, NY.)

 

Basquiat, the son of Puerto Rican and Haitian parents, had fascinated the New York art world since 1977 with his aggressive graffiti slogans. He had his first one-man show in Italy in 1981, also at the age of 20. Basquiat was a fiercely ambitious teenager who sought out Warhol, not so much to learn about painting, but to learn how to become a celebrity. According to art historian Robert Rosenblum, Basquiat was "a dark-skinned crazy kid from Brooklyn whobegan his meteoric career by raucously embracing a counter-cultural life, living in public parks, selling painted T-shirts on the street, spraying graffiti on city walls, succumbing to cocaine and heroin, and using a garbage-can lid as his painter's palette." Warhol and Basquiat, like Warhol and Wyeth, painted each other's portraits and collaborated on a series of paintings that were exhibited in 1985. Basquiat tried Warhol's silk-screen techniques, and Warhol created an "oxidation" (copper metal powder, Liquitex acrylics, and urine) portrait of Basquiat. Basquiat has been credited with inspiring Warhol to return to painting with brush on canvas. Basquiat died of a drug overdose a year after Warhol's unexpected death in 1987.

Factory Work: Warhol, Wyeth and Basquiat features works by Wyeth and Basquiat that solidified their individual reputations. It exhibits works by Warhol related to his collaborations with the younger artists. The exhibition includes paintings, drawings, photographs, interviews, clippings and audiotapes related to the Warhol-Wyeth and Warhol-Basquiat years. Additional information and demonstration material focuses on the unusual techniques used by Warhol to create portraits during the 1970s and 1980s.

 

(above: Andy Warhol (1928-1987), Jean-Michel Basquiat (c. 1982), acrylic, silkscreen ink, and urine on canvas, collection of the Andy Warhol Museum, 1998.499, © Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts / ARS, NY.)

Factory Work: Warhol, Wyeth and Basquiat is organized by the Brandywine River Museum.

The accompanying exhibition catalogue, published by the Farnsworth Art Museum in Rockland, Maine, can be purchased at the Brandywine River Museum or online at www.brandywinemuseumshop.org. The guest curator for the exhibition, Dr. Joyce Hill Stoner, is an art historian, paintings conservator and Director of the Preservation Studies Doctoral Program at the University of Delaware. The exhibition will travel to the Marion Koogler McNay Art Museum in San Antonio, Texas, from January 16 to April 8, 2007, and the Farnsworth Art Museum in Rockland, Maine, from May 6 to August 26, 2007.

On Sunday, October 15, at 2 p.m., Dr. Stoner will present an illustrated lecture on the little-discussed side of Pop artist Andy Warhol as mentor to realist painter Jamie Wyeth and graffiti artist Jean-Michel Basquiat. The lecture, to be held at the Brandywine River Museum, complements the exhibition Factory Work: Warhol, Wyeth and Basquiat, on view at the museum from September 9 to November 19, 2006.

 

Following is an article prepared by Halsey Spruance, Brandywine River Museum Director of Public Relations, for the museum's members magazine with a narrative by guest curator Joyce Hill Stoner, Ph.D.

Factory Work: Warhol, Wyeth and Basquiat, on view September 9 through November 19, 2006 at the Brandywine River Museum, explores the fascinating collaborations in the late 1970s and early 1980s between Pop artist Andy Warhol (1928-1987) and realist Jamie Wyeth (b. 1946), and between Warhol and New York graffiti artist Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-1988). The exhibition provides clues to understanding these unique partnerships and offers examples of how these very different artists influenced and inspired each other.

Organized by the Brandywine River Museum and supported by a generous contribution from Charlie and Julie Cawley, the exhibition is organized by guest curator Joyce Hill Stoner, Ph.D., an art historian, paintings conservator and Director of the Preservation Studies Doctoral Program at the University of Delaware. Recently, Dr. Stoner reflected on the evolution of the exhibition and her nearly decade-long dedication to the subject:

In 1998, I interviewed Jamie Wyeth about his collaborations with Andy Warhol for an article in American Art magazine published the following year by the Smithsonian American Art Museum. I was amazed at the extent of their joint activities and interchanges and at the general omission of this surprising friendship from the vast Warhol literature. On the first page of his published diaries, Warhol chronicles one of his many visits to Wyeth's 300-acre farm in the Brandywine Valley in 1976. Less than a month before his death, in 1987, Warhol made the last of the 29 diary entries about Wyeth. In at least 12 of the tapes in the archives of The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, Warhol and Wyeth are in conversation, usually at the "Factory," Warhol's New York studio.
 
In 1976, Warhol and Wyeth painted each other's portraits. They jointly attended four openings for the portraits and accompanying sketches at the Coe Kerr Gallery in New York (1976), the Brandywine River Museum (1976), the Cheekwood Museum of Art in Nashville (1977) and the Hotel de Paris in Monte Carlo (1980).
 
The interactions with Wyeth were important to Warhol and are evidenced in his work, particularly his cat and dog paintings of 1976, his pig photographs and print of 1979, and his skull paintings and self-portraits with skulls of 1976 and 1977. In turn, Wyeth adopted certain phases of Warhol's "pop-ism" for his paintings in the late 1970s and early 1980s and has continued to revisit Warhol themes in his paintings through 2006. Warhol biographers have dismissed or downplayed the friendship, perhaps thinking this "odd couple" could have little in common. Wyeth may have been considered too traditional or too wholesome. However, in 1976 Warhol said to a reporter regarding Jamie Wyeth, "I think he's peculiar...maybe even more peculiar than I am."
 
Brandywine River Museum Director Jim Duff and I decided that we must revisit the Warhol-Wyeth collaboration and the impact Warhol and Wyeth had on one another's work as a full-scale exhibition, and the staff at the Farnsworth Art Museum in Rockland, Maine, agreed to co-host the show and prepare the catalogue. Jamie Wyeth noted that we should look at Warhol in the role of mentor and then surprised us by suggesting we add Jean-Michel Basquiat to the mix, because Warhol had offered fatherly advice to this young, exciting neo-expressionist graffiti artist in the 1980s. Basquiat rented a studio from Warhol on Great Jones Street beginning in August 1983, and collaborated with Warhol on joint paintings in 1983 and 1984. Basquiat had already fascinated the New York art world with his aggressive graffiti slogans beginning in 1977. His confrontational paintings of skulls and racially charged words and images had been exhibited in Europe, Los Angeles and the Whitney Museum of American Art Biennial by 1983. Both Wyeth and Basquiat had had successful one-man shows by the age of 20. Warhol was fascinated by these younger, noteworthy artists from vastly different worlds and invited them to paint at the Factory during two different decades, and they enabled him to stay connected to new audiences of an evolving artworld.
 
This unique exhibition includes paintings by all three artists with connecting themes, photographs taken at the Factory, re-created oxidation paintings, a tape of a conversation between Warhol and Wyeth, film clips of Basquiat painting in the New York streets, and even taxidermy pets and a train collected jointly by Warhol and Wyeth.

Factory Work: Warhol, Wyeth and Basquiat will travel to the McNay Art Museum in San Antonio, Texas, from January 16 to April 8, 2007, and the Farnsworth Art Museum in Rockland, Maine, from May 6 to August 26, 2007. Gene E. Harris, the Brandywine River Museum's curator of collections, assisted in the organization of the exhibition. The accompanying exhibition catalogue, published jointly by the Brandywine River Museum and the Farnsworth Art Museum, can be purchased in the Museum Shop or online at www.brandywinemuseumshop.org.

Following are wall labels for the artworks in the exhibition as of August 21, 2006. They are subject to change until the exhibition opens September 9.

 
Andy Warhol
Cow Single Edition Print, No. 5, 1971
Screen print on wallpaper
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
In 1971, Warhol made single screen prints of his famously outrageous cow wallpaper from the 1960s and used them as gifts to celebrities.
 
Andy Warhol
Rudolf Nureyev, 1975
Synthetic polymer paint and silkscreen ink on canvas
Collection of Aby J. Rosen
Both Warhol and Wyeth depicted the Russian dancer Rudolf Nureyev in the 1970s. Warhol was terrified of Nureyev's temper. The dancer tore up many of the Polaroids that Warhol intended to use to create the portrait.
 
Andy Warhol
Cat, 1976
Acrylic and silkscreen ink on canvas
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Both Warhol and Wyeth had collected taxidermy pets before they met, and Wyeth had already painted from them. After meeting Wyeth, Warhol did "celebrity portraits" of cats and dogs, and the two artists had K K Larkin (Auchincloss) hold a taxidermy cat when she sat for her portrait.
 
Andy Warhol
Dog, 1976
Acrylic and silkscreen ink on canvas
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Warhol was interested in Wyeth's portrayals of animals and joked about the way Wyeth had portrayed Warhol's dachshund, Archie, in oil. For Dog, Warhol made his own celebrity dachshund portrait using the same silkscreen techniques he used for images of Jackie Kennedy Onassis, Elizabeth Taylor, and Rudolf Nureyev.
 
Andy Warhol
Jamie Wyeth, 1976
Synthetic polymer paint and silkscreen ink on canvas
Collection of Jamie Wyeth
When their joint portrait show opened in 1976, Warhol told reporters, "Jamie is just as cute in New York as he is in Chadds Ford, and what I hope to reveal in the portrait is Jamie's cuteness." Warhol portrayed both Wyeth and Basquiat as ideal male prototypes.
 
Andy Warhol
Portrait of James Wyeth, 1976
Pencil on paper
Collection of Jamie Wyeth
Warhol's pencil drawings of Jamie in various poses were done mechanically from the Polaroid photographs he took with his famous "Big Shot" camera.
 
Andy Warhol
Portrait of James Wyeth, 1976
Pencil on paper
Collection of Mrs. Douglas Auchincloss
K K Larkin (Auchincloss), a friend of Warhol who soon became a friend of Wyeth, owns a matched set of drawings of Warhol by Wyeth, Wyeth by Warhol, and a portrait of herself by each of the two artists.
 
Andy Warhol
Jimmy Carter, 1976
Acrylic and silkscreen ink on canvas
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Warhol and Wyeth each created images of President Jimmy Carter. Warhol's enhanced silk-screen was used for the 22 January 1977 cover of The New York Times Magazine. The President told a gathering at the White House in 1977:
I think that [Warhol's] painting of me, based on that photograph, was superb. It kind of grows on you . . . The first one was frowning and scowling and worrying because I was broke, I had lost some primaries, I didn't know where I was going to go next, and the fact that Jamie Wyeth and Andy Warhol were willing to help me kind of turned the tide.
 
Andy Warhol
Portrait of K K Larkin, c. 1977
Pencil on paper
Collection of Mrs. Douglas Auchincloss
After seeing the Warhol-Wyeth portrait show in New York, K K Larkin (Auchincloss) asked Warhol to do a drawing of her just as he had drawn Wyeth.
 
Poster for Andy Warhol's BAD, 1977
Artist: Jamie Wyeth
Printed by Einweg, Germany, 1977
Collection of the Brandywine River Museum
Wyeth attended screenings with Warhol of Warhol's movie Bad, and Wyeth's portrait of Warhol was used for advertisements and the movie poster.
 
Andy Warhol
Self Portrait with Skull, 1977
Acrylic and silkscreen ink on canvas
Collection of Phyllis Wyeth
In 1976 and 1977, Warhol produced a series of large silk-screened paintings of skulls and small self-portraits with skulls. He gave Phyllis Wyeth one version of Self Portrait with Skull. Warhol had owned a human skull for several years but had not used it in his art until after discussions with Wyeth about anatomy, dissection, and funerals. These discussions are on tapes in the Warhol Museum's collection.
 
Andy Warhol
Skull, c. 1977
Acrylic and silkscreen ink on canvas
Collection of Jamie Wyeth
Warhol gave Phyllis and Jamie Wyeth this second skull painting. Warhol was known for his refusal to discuss death, but after conversations about Wyeth attending open heart surgery and riding in hearses, Warhol painted skulls during the next two years. These conversations and the younger artist's openness in discussing death resonated with Warhol's thoughts on mortality following his near death from a shooting in 1968.
 
Andy Warhol posing with small piglet, c. 1978
Gelatin silver print
Rupert Jasen Smith, photographer
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
In one of their many taped conversations, Warhol quizzed Wyeth about the behavior of pigs. Wyeth's pig, "Baby Jane," was a gift to him from Warhol's superstar, Baby Jane Holzer.
 
Envelope and photograph of Andy Warhol with Rosalyn and Jimmy Carter at the White House, 1978
Chromogenic color print with ink inscriptions
Photographer unknown
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Warhol had jealously noted in his diary in December 1976, "So Jamie is now the Carter court painter." By 1978, Warhol had also been invited to the White House.
 
Andy Warhol
Fiesta Pig, Single Edition Print, Artist's Proof (2/10), 1979
Screen print on Arches 88 silkscreen paper
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
In 1979, Warhol took Polaroid pictures of a live pig eating Cheerios from Fiestaware. One of Warhol's tapes records his conversation with actress Paulette Goddard and Wyeth about Wyeth's pet pigs and how difficult it was to get them up and down stairs.
 
Andy Warhol
Jean-Michel Basquiat, c. 1982
Acrylic, silkscreen ink, and urine on canvas
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Warhol's portrait of the twenty-two-year-old Basquiat shows his vital, youthful head unexpectedly threatened by the chemical decomposition used in the abstract "oxidation" paintings of 1977, in which (reinventing Jackson Pollock's drip technique) the artist's chums would urinate on canvases covered with copper paint, producing an effect, both grisly and beautiful, of something rotting away before the viewer. As it turned out, this became a grim metaphorical prophesy of Basquiat's death six years later from a drug overdose. [From Robert Rosenblum's essay in the Factory Work catalogue.]
 
Andy Warhol
Train, 1983
Acrylic and silkscreen ink on canvas
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Warhol and Wyeth each collected toys. They jointly purchased a train set which was kept at Wyeth's farm for Warhol to play with when he visited.
 
Andy Warhol
Flash Sharivan Robot, 1983
Acrylic and silkscreen ink on canvas
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
This toy belonged to Warhol. He, Wyeth, and Basquiat all enjoyed toys and games; all three maintained a whimsical Peter Pan approach to adulthood. Wyeth still collects toy tanks and soldiers.
 
Andy Warhol wearing white leather motorcycle jacket with painted portrait of Jean-Michel Basquiat, by Stefano, c. 1983
Gelatin silver print
Patrick McMullan, photographer
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Basquiat was a rising art star when he met Warhol, and Warhol liked to be connected to younger artists with new approaches.
 
Andy Warhol
Jean-Michel Basquiat, 1984
Acrylic and silkscreen ink on canvas
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
In his portrait of Basquiat, Michelangelo's David seems reborn in a posing strap, a perfect specimen of the almost-naked male body, half hustler, half Greek god, a painfully far cry from Warhol's own rather scrawny physique. [From Robert Rosenblum's catalogue essay.]
 
Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat
Collaboration (Crabs), 1984-1985
Acrylic, silkscreen ink, and oil stick on canvas
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Collaboration (Crabs) presents the result of a "tagging war" (graffiti art terminology). The commercial drawing of a crab that Warhol traced onto the canvas was attacked with abandon by Basquiat, who outlined and filled in the figure in a manner that would have rendered the shellfish nearly invisible had he not labeled it with his signature bold lettering. [From Margaret Rose Vendryes's catalogue essay.]
 
Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat
Collaboration (Dollar Sign, Don't Tread on Me), 1984-1985
Acrylic, silkscreen ink, and oil stick on canvas
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
In Collaboration (Dollar Sign, Don't Tread on Me), the markings are more balanced than in the composition of crabs, but it is still Basquiat's message placed over Warhol's dated dollar sign that drives the painting. [From Margaret Rose Vendryes's catalogue essay.]
 
Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat
Collaboration (Coma, Indian), n.d.
Acrylic and oil stick on linen canvas
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
 
Poster
Tony Shafrazi/Bruno Bischofberger
Present Warhol/Basquiat Paintings
© Tony Schafrazi Gallery, New York, 1999
Photograph by Michael Halsband
Private Collection
The visuals used to promote the 1999 Tony Shafrazi Gallery show inflated the level of competition between the two artists. The idea that this unlikely pair would be slugging it out in a ring was ridiculous, mostly because on all counts, Basquiat would obviously win. However, Warhol was the art world heavyweight. According to Paige Powell, Warhol's assistant who dated Basquiat, Basquiat was upset by the critical reaction to the Tony Shafrazi show of the collaborative paintings when "an art critic said that Jean-Michel was too influenced by Andy."
 
James Wyeth
Portrait of Shorty, 1963
Oil on canvas
Collection of Andrew and Betsy Wyeth
At the age of seventeen, Jamie Wyeth created with lapidary surface, translucency, and the exactitude characteristic of sixteenth-century German oil technique in painting this portrait of an aging recluse.
 
James Wyeth
Drawings from the New York Morgue, 1965
Pencil on paper
Collection of Jamie Wyeth
Lincoln Kirstein, Jamie Wyeth's earlier mentor and a strong believer in the importance of the traditional study of anatomy, arranged for the artist to sketch in the New York City morgue. Warhol's fascination with Wyeth's work sketching cadavers and open heart surgery is recorded in one of their many taped conversations.
 
James Wyeth
Draft Age, 1965
Oil on canvas
Collection of the Brandywine River Museum
Purchase made possible by Mr. and Mrs. Randy L. Christofferson, Mr. and Mrs. George Strawbridge, Jr., Mary Alice Dorrance Malone Foundation, Margaret Dorrance Strawbridge Foundation of PA I, Inc., The William Stamps Farish Fund, Mr. and Mrs. James W. Stewart, III, and MBNA America, 1999
At the age of nineteen, Wyeth painted this now iconic dissident, his friend Jimmy Lynch. In 1965, United States military involvement in Viet Nam was growing and was a major controversy throughout the country.
 
James Wyeth
Portrait of Lincoln Kirstein (Study #5), 1965
Charcoal on paper
Collection of Jamie Wyeth
Lincoln Kirstein, ballet impresario and art critic, was a strong supporter of Wyeth's work. Andy Warhol drew Kirstein's feet in his series of famous feet.
 
James Wyeth
Portrait of John F. Kennedy, 1967
Oil on canvas
Collection of Jamie Wyeth
Warhol and Wyeth both painted members of the Kennedy family. Their techniques were entirely different, but both artists were dispassionate observers recording their subjects as they saw them.
 
James Wyeth
Portrait of Pig, 1970
Oil on canvas
Collection of the Brandywine River Museum
Gift of Mrs. Andrew Wyeth, 1984
Portrait of Pig is one of Wyeth's early signature works. The "Hog King of Nebraska" accurately diagnosed a snout malformation on this pig ("Den-Den") when the painting was on exhibition at the Joslyn Museum in Omaha. The keenly observed barnyard portrait can also be interpreted as a social commentary on the "cops as pigs" concept following the 1968 National Democratic Convention in Chicago. Warhol later became fascinated with Wyeth's pigs and created his own screen print of a pig.
 
James Wyeth
Portrait of Jean Kennedy Smith, 1972
Oil on canvas
Private Collection
Warhol's diary of 20 December 1976 reports:
It seemed Jean Kennedy Smith really has a crush on Jamie because she asked me to go to the coat room with her, and when we got there she pulled out an American quilt and asked me if it was real, and I said yes, and then we went back and she gave it to Jamie. I reminded her that I saw her in Bloomingdale's the other week when we both were in the shirt department, and she said, "Oh yes, those shirts were Christmas presents for my family." So it was regular old shirts for her family, but for Jamie it was an American quilt.
 
James Wyeth
Angus, 1974
Oil on canvas
Collection of Fred and Lucette Larkin
On his farm in Pennsylvania, Wyeth has carefully observed and recorded animals for more than four decades. He has kept a live wolf and a pig in his living room, studied sharks in a specially built tank, constructed a studio in his barn, and raised an abandoned vulture.
 
Andy Warhol and Jamie Wyeth in the Factory, 1976
Susan Gray, photographer
Collection of the Brandywine River Museum
Warhol's studio manager, Vincent Fremont, noted that Wyeth was admitted to the "inner circle" of the Factory, and while he was there it was the only time the Factory "smelled of oil paint." Fremont also noted that Wyeth gave him an inscribed sketch of Warhol "dedicated to 9:05 Vincent" because Fremont always let him in at 9:05 in the morning.
 
James Wyeth
Andy Warhol, Facing His Right (Study #15), 1976
Charcoal on paper
Collection of the Brandywine River Museum
Gift of Miss Amanda K. Berls, 1980
About Warhol's wigs Wyeth said:
The wigs were the damnedest wigs. They would change. Every day would be this kind of a different form or shape. Mainly the back was different. It would fly out
this way or thatbut the front stayed pretty much the same.
 
James Wyeth
Andy Warhol, Right Profile (Study #24), 1976
Mixed media on board
Collection of the Brandywine River Museum
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall E. Baker, 2003
Wyeth commented:
I never saw him without one of his wigs. And actually, if you look at some of my drawings, you can see dark hair growing out of the back of the neck. But he
dyed his eyebrows; his eyebrows were dark, and he dyed them platinum, the color of his wig.
 
James Wyeth
Andy Warhol (Study #8), with Archie in Profile, 1976
Combined mediums on cardboard
Collection of Jamie Wyeth
Wyeth had painted a few earlier sketches on corrugated cardboard, but he used brown cardboard more frequently while working in the Factory. Warhol liked the sense of cardboard's impermanence, although Wyeth used it because of the way paint clung to the corrugation.
 
Warhol's dachshund, Archie, was sometimes said to be "in a snit" and wouldn't pose. On those days, Warhol would hold a round velvet pillow in the dog's place when he posed.
 
James Wyeth
Portrait of Andy Warhol, 1976
Oil on panel
Collection of Cheekwood Botanical Gardens and Museum of Art, Nashville, Tennessee
In a recent interview, Wyeth noted:
His whole thing of absorbing everything, of recording - turning yourself into a
sort of tape recorder - that appealed to me. I had that element in my vocabulary
at that point anyway, but he re-instated it in me. Our work was diametrically
opposite. But I loved the idea that he was a recorder. And I styled myself after
it - or at least, it appealed to me; it fit right into what I wanted to do. And
then I selfishly wanted to record him and paint every pimple that he had on his face.
And he let me.
 
For this oil portrait, Wyeth focused his gaze on Warhol, catching him as a "deer in the headlights," much as Warhol had simply aimed his 16mm movie camera at his subjects and captured what was directly in front of the lens.
 
James Wyeth
Andy Warhol ­ Portrait Pose (Study #16), 1976
Charcoal on paper
Collection of Mrs. Douglas Auchincloss
Warhol held Archie (or a velvet pillow) while posing for this sketch, part of K K Larkin Auchincloss's matched set, and Wyeth and Warhol gave her a taxidermy cat to hold when posing so that the portrait sketches would be pendants.
 
James Wyeth
Andy's Feet, 1976
Mixed media on cardboard
Collection of Jamie Wyeth
Wyeth cut down the larger cardboard Study #8 of Warhol holding Archie. Later, after Warhol gave him a gift, Wyeth asked him what he'd like in exchange. Warhol told him he wanted "the feet." (The sketch of the feet came back to Wyeth after Warhol's death.)
 
James Wyeth
Jimmy Carter (Study #8), 1976
Pencil on paper
Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Fowler
Both Warhol and Wyeth depicted Jimmy Carter. Wyeth went to Plains, Georgia, to accompany and sketch the president-elect while Carter made telephone calls and worked on his upcoming responsibilities. Another of Wyeth's images was used for the "Man of the Year" cover of Time on 3 January 1977 (see the case nearby).
 
In his 20 January 1978 State of the Culture address to a joint session of Congress, Carter said:
I come to report that the state of the nation's culture is healthy and vigorous . . To illustrate the state of painting - if you'll pardon a pun, I'd like to point
to the single occasion when Jamie Wyeth and Andy Warhol exchanged and exhibited portraits of each other. That these two great energetic American artists
should find inspiration in themselves is proof positive of the depth of our natural resources. The success of Andy and Jamie shows that we do not have to rely on
foreign oils.
 
Jamie Wyeth with Arnold Schwarzenegger in Wyeth's New York City apartment, 1977
Susan Gray, photographer
Collection of the Brandywine River Museum
Wyeth sketched and painted Schwarzenegger both in the Factory and in his 5th Avenue apartment.
 
James Wyeth
Portrait of Arnold Schwarzenegger, (Study #6), 1977
Charcoal on brown cardboard
Private Collection, Lent in memory of Tyler Weymouth
Warhol biographer, Victor Bockris, wrote:
Andy loved having the bodybuilder and fledgling movie star sitting around the Factory with his shirt off - a sight guaranteed to startle visitors - and he was
energized by Wyeth's daily industry.
 
Jamie Wyeth with Rudolf Nureyev in theater dressing room, 1977
Susan Gray, photographer
Collection of the Brandywine River Museum
Wyeth spent hours watching Nureyev practice, hid in the wings to watch Pierrot Lunaire in performance, and produced many sketches of the dancer. Wyeth was also photographed measuring Nureyev with calipers during his careful recording of his well-toned body. Nureyev commented that Wyeth knew his anatomy better than his tailor. He said, "You could make me suit!"
 
James Wyeth
Black Background, Three-Quarter Figure, Nureyev (Study #17), 1977/1993
Combined mediums on brown cardboard
Collection of the Brandywine River Museum, Purchase made possible by the Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Found-ation; the Roemer Foundation; the Margaret Dorrance Strawbridge Foundation of PA I, Inc.; and an anonymous donor
Wyeth created over thirty portrait sketches of the Russian ballet dancer Rudolf Nureyev. He returned to the subject in 1993, reworking some earlier compositions. Here he drags the white paint for the dancer's chest over the corrugations of the cardboard - a support Wyeth returned to after his work in the Factory. Wyeth noted that Warhol's white skin and Nureyev's white clown make-up for the ballet Pierrot Lunaire evoked a similar response in him - that they were both "alien" creatures of New York, although entirely different in other ways.
 
James Wyeth
In Drag, Drawing No. 1, 1977
Pencil on paper
Collection of the Farnsworth Art Museum, Museum Purchase, 2001
This drawing resulted from an incident in the Factory while Arnold Schwarzenegger was posing for Wyeth. Wyeth notes:
Arnold was posing and Andy came in and said, "Look at this really beautiful girl. Oh, Arnold, don't you really love her?" And with that Victor Hugo [friend of Warhol and Halston] comes in and with him was this beautiful willowy, clearly a Spanish woman, dressed in a taffeta ball gown. She comes in and sits down, and Andy's taking photographs. I then sit on the floor with one of my sketch pads and start to do a drawing - if anything to amuse Warhol and play the game. And all this time Victor is speaking Spanish to this woman, and she's talking away and Arnold is pulling on his clothes from posing for me. And he said, "Where do you live? I would like to see you." And I'm drawing away, and Victor says something to her and she LIFTS the hem of her ball gown and of course Arnold yells and backs against the wall, realizing it's a man.
 
James Wyeth
Portrait of K K Larkin, c. 1977
Charcoal on paper
Collection of Mrs. Douglas Auchincloss
K K Larkin (Auchincloss), who had known Warhol for some years, attended the Warhol-Wyeth portrait show and asked if Warhol and Wyeth would do portraits of her. She was first told "Dream on, lady," but she soon met Wyeth, and he was delighted by the request. She asked him to pose her exactly as he had posed Warhol; in lieu of the dachshund, Archie, Warhol and Wyeth gleefully had her hold a taxidermy cat, one of the products of their joint forays to collect ownerless taxidermy pets.
 
James Wyeth
Raven, 1980
Oil on canvas
Collection of the Brandywine River Museum, Museum purchase, 1992
Andy Warhol came to the opening of Wyeth's one-man show at The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1980, where Raven was exhibited, and noted in his diary for September 16, 1980:
So it was Jamie's big show. I had to stand in front of my portrait. Jamie is painting bigger - more Pop - pictures now. I told him he should go even bigger and he said he didn't think you could get stretchers that big and I said you could get them as big as the sky.
 
James Wyeth
10 W 30, 1981
Combined mediums on white Strathmore paper
Collection of Andrew and Betsy Wyeth
Since 1968, at least, Jamie Wyeth had painted dignified and respectful portraits of animals usually placed in natural settings of rocks, fields, or water. He noted that he didn't start painting Brillo boxes until after working at the Factory in 1976 and 1977, but accurate "portraits" of other types of commercial cardboard boxes labeled Rose's Lime Juice, Thirty Dozen Eggs, Drink Moxie, and 10 W 30 accompany chickens or a goose and are attributable to Warhol's influence.
 
James Wyeth
The Wind, 1999
Oil on canvas
Private Collection
In 1988, Wyeth attended the Sotheby's auctions of The Andy Warhol Collection and bought several of his deceased friend's possessions, including a small landscape by Blakelock and a rooster weathervane. He bid unsuccessfully on lot 2812, The Wind, by David Forrester Wilson, R.S.A., that had hung in the Factory "board room." Eleven years later he created a veiled homage to Warhol by painting his own version of the Wilson work using a teenager from Tenants Harbor, Maine, who actually owned a goat and posed with it.
 
James Wyeth
Lunch at the Factory, 1976/2004
Charcoal, color pencil, gouache, pastel and watercolor on gray archival cardboard
Private Collection
Reworking a theme he began in 1976, Wyeth recently recalled his days in the Factory, where lunches and cocktails with celebrities were served beneath the taxidermy moose head. Wyeth's techniques for this work combine his deadpan reportorial approach with the brighter palette of his 21st-century mixed media works.
 
James Wyeth
Fred Hughes and Andy Warhol, 2005
Oil on canvas
Collection of Jamie Wyeth
The moose head in the Factory appears prominently in this double portrait of Warhol with Fred Hughes. Warhol is shown with his ever-present tape recorder turned to "on," while Fred Hughes is shown in his dapper Cole Porter-like attire. Hughes was Warhol's business manager and trusted colleague who jetted internationally to arrange for celebrity portraits. Due to his slow decline from multiple sclerosis, Hughes was unable to tell his part in the Warhol saga after the artist's death.
 
James Wyeth
1342 Lexington Avenue, 2006
Oil on canvas
Collection of Jamie Wyeth
Wyeth visited Fred Hughes in his townhouse on Lexington Avenue shortly before Hughes's death in January 2002. Warhol and his mother had formerly lived there, and Hughes had moved in after Warhol found a new home on East 66th Street near Jamie and Phyllis Wyeth's apartment. This unique "double film-still" painting shows the mysterious wisteria-covered façade on the left and a self portrait of Wyeth at Hughes's bedside on the right. By the time of this visit, Wyeth noted that Hughes could communicate only by moving one eye.
 
Train Set
Photographs courtesy of Fiber Optic Systems, Inc.
On-board camera system courtesy of SJT Enterprises of Bartonsville, PA
Collection of Jamie Wyeth
Warhol and Wyeth collected toys and jointly purchased a train set that was kept on Wyeth's farm for Warhol to play with when he visited. Warhol painted a number of toy and train images, and, as another homage to Warhol, Wyeth had their jointly owned train set reconstructed with a recording camera inside - a salute to Warhol's unblinking 16mm camera viewing the world.
 
Taxidermal animals: Dog and Cat
Collection of Jamie Wyeth
Both Warhol and Wyeth had collected taxidermy pets before they met. Wyeth had already used them as references for his paintings. Warhol acquired a large spotted Great Dane that reputedly had belonged to Cecil B. de Mille. Wyeth noted that Warhol knew where to find even better specimens in New York, but that Warhol was not "as mad about them" as Wyeth was. Wyeth said Warhol was "rather bothered by them . . . he thought it was creepy."
 
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Untitled (Head of Madman), 1982
Oilstick on paper, mounted on linen
Collection of Leo Malca
Few writers comment on the effect Basquiat's addiction might have had on his painting. It is difficult to believe, as some have maintained, that nothing in Basquiat's art is a result of drugs. Traces must be there but deciphering them is impossible. Crossing out words might draw attention to their meaning, but the lines pulled across a figure, word, or phrase also create a barrier, a barbed wire fence, which obstructs. What we do know is that drugs killed Basquiat. [From the catalogue essay by Margaret Rose Vendryes.]
 
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Six Crimee, 1982
Acrylic and oil paintstick on masonite
Collection of The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, The Scott D. F. Spiegel Collection
Basquiat (playing himself) in the film Downtown 81 said, "His medium was 'extra-large' because you had to 'think big to survive' in New York City." Many of his paintings were wall-sized murals with the repeating themes of crowns, skulls, masks, and bared teeth. His raw depictions of the human form echo the primitivism of Jean Dubuffet, and his sometimes indecipherable scribbles and erasures are cousins to Cy Twombly's linear work.
 
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Untitled, 1982
Oilstick on paper
Collection of The Modern Museum of Fort Worth, Museum purchase, 1995
Only a few steps removed from the graffiti head with sun-ray hair that Basquiat created on camera in the film Downtown 81, this street-scrawled, assertive, toothy creature stares down the viewer. His raised arm may be signaling "stop" or attempting to hail a New York City cab.
 
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Untitled, 1982
Oil brush and black ink on vellum
Collection Lent by Ashley Olsen
Basquiat was well aware of art historical traditions and increasingly interested in mining his African heritage. Vellum is a notoriously reactive but historically important support, and the use of oil and black ink on vellum for a scrawled and defaced pictographic head seems to unite the traditions of Asian ink drawings and African masks.
 
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Back of the Neck, 1983
Screenprint with hand painting
Printer: Joel Sterns. Publisher: Gagosian Gallery, New York City and New City Editions.
Collection of the Brooklyn Museum of Art, Charles S. Smith Memorial Fund
Passionate about the aesthetic success of each composition, Basquiat also paid careful attention to the commercial aspects of his art. This is clear from his frequent use of the copyright sign and his trademark three-pronged crown, both symbols of authorship, power, and fame. [From the catalogue essay by Margaret Rose Vendryes.]
 
The disembodied arms in this work reflect both Basquiat's interest in Picasso's Guernica (his favorite painting) and his childhood study of Gray's Anatomy.
 
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Drawing of Andy Warhol from sketchbook #NW12.001, 1983-1984
Felt-tip ink and graphite on Strathmore paper
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
 
Basquiat depicted Warhol in this sketch as a demented scarecrow. As Robert Rosenblum notes in his catalogue essay for this exhibition, "Warhol must also have been attracted, in a masochistic way, to the shocking candor of both Wyeth's and Basquiat's portraits of him."
 
Garbage can lid used as a painters' palette by Jean-Michel Basquiat, c. 1984
Pressed aluminum and alkyd paint
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Basquiat's punkster, ironic, over-the-top approach to painting is embodied in his palette - a garbage can lid.
 
Oilstick originally owned by Jean-Michel Basquiat; one Shiva brand paint stick in Titanium White, c. 1984
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
The long-term preservation of Basquiat's paintings represents a challenge to the art conservator. He used rough, uneven, found objects from New York City sidewalks and often created images with oil sticks. When using an oilstick, the color is dragged across the surface of the work and has little binder to hold it to the support.
 
Postcard from Jean-Michel Basquiat and Paige Powell to Andy Warhol, 1984
Typewritten with ballpoint ink inscriptions on printed, coated postcard
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh, Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Warhol's diary of the same time as the postcard noted, "Jean-Michel called from Hawaii and talked a long time. Paige was stupid and paid her own way . . . and now he's paying for this other girl. He's paying $1000 a week for this house and he owes us three months' rent."
 
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Drawing of Arm from sketchbook #NW 12.099, c. 1984
Oil pastel and graphite on Strathmore Bristol paper
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
Basquiat drew constantly from the time he was three or four years old. When he was seven, his mother gave him a copy of Gray's Anatomy while he was in the hospital following a car accident. Anatomical drawings appeared in his work throughout his short life.
 
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Untitled (Cadmium), 1984
Oil, oil stick, and acrylic on canvas
Collection of the High Museum of Art, Atlanta, Georgia Purchase in honor of Lynne Browne, President of the Members Guild, 1992-1993, with funds from Alfred Austell Thornton in memory of Leila Austell Thorn-ton and Albert Edward Thornton, Sr., and Sarah Miller Venable and William Hoyt Venable, 1993.3
For all the crowded and complex paintings that evoke the dissonance of urban existence, there was respite for Basquiat in works such as the 1984 Untitled (Cadmium), where a single brown, male figure fills one half of a bright-red field while discreet line drawings of mediators rest along its side. [From the catalogue essay by Margaret Rose Vendryes.]
 
Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat, 1985
Gelatin silver print
Wolfgang Wesener, photographer
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
According to Paige Powell, Warhol's assistant who dated Basquiat, Warhol provided fatherly advice, and Basquiat learned "how to be a professional artist - how to be a business person, how to schmooze the collectors - and hold the line with dealers."
 
Margaret Rose Vendryes notes, "Basquiat's entire career as a painter spanned only seven years. His work with Warhol, some of the most lucid and productive years regardless of how the record of their collaboration is assessed, represents a third of that time."
 
Stefano and Jean-Michel Basquiat
White leather motorcycle jacket with painted image by Jean-Michel Basquiat on front, and portrait of Basquiat by Stefano on back, 1985
Oil on leather
The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.
As Robert Rosenblum notes in his catalogue essay for this exhibition:
For Warhol, long accustomed to East Side town houses, royals, private jets, and paparazzi, what could be more alien than a dark-skinned crazy kid from Brooklyn who not only was clearly of different racial origins - half-Haitian, half-Puerto Rican - but who also began his meteoric career by raucously embracing a counter-cultural life, living in public parks, selling painted T-shirts on the street, spraying graffiti on city walls, succumbing to cocaine and heroin, and using a garbage-can lid as his painter's palette?
 
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Gravestone, 1987
Acrylic, oil, and oil paintstick on wood, three panels
Collection of Enrico Navarra, NY
A year before his own death, Basquiat commemorated Warhol's death with a junkyard gravestone, as Robert Rosenblum noted, "a makeshift triptych of crudely hinged wooden panels inscribed with a flower, a cross, a skull-like mask, and the poignant word 'perishable,' repeated more faintly a second time, as if disappearing from sight."
 
The 1970s
The Warhol Museum archives contain more than 600 one-and-a-half cubic foot boxes known as the Factory "time capsules." Warhol or his assistants would sweep whatever was on the desk - magazines, invitations, postcards, Frito bags, bills, and other unopened mail - into these boxes to be saved for the future. Only a fraction of the "time capsules" in the Warhol Museum have been opened to date, but each provides a window onto a particular moment.
 
This case displays magazine articles, Interview magazines, and other ephemera typical of materials found in Warhol's "time capsules" covering the period from 1976 to 1980, when Warhol and Wyeth worked together.
 
The 1980s
This case displays magazine articles, Interview magazines, catalogues, and books typical of objects found in Warhol's "time capsules," covering the period from 1983 to 1985, when Warhol and Basquiat collaborated.
 
Vincent Gallo noted, "Like Warhol's wig, Basquiat's paint spattered designer clothes would, at least for a time, become an instantly recognizable icon."
 
Reproduction
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Dos Cabezas, 1982
The original work of art is acrylic and oil paintstick mounted on tied wood supports and measures 60 x 60 inches (152.5 x 152.5cm)
Private Collection
 
Reproduction
David Forrester Wilson, R.S.A., (British, 1873-1950)
The Wind, n.d.
The original painting is oil on canvas and measures 58 1/4 x 90 inches (148 x 229cm)
Collection of Dr. Carolyn Farb
 
Christine Daulton (conservator of paintings for The Andy Warhol Museum)
Reconstruction of the "Oxidation Paintings", 2006
Collection of the Brandywine River Museum
Reconstruction Part 1- Making Paint:
Warhol combined copper pigment with water and acrylic
gesso to make a thin, easily oxidized paint. Then he either
brushed or sprayed the paint on an 84" wide canvas rolled out
on the studio floor.
Reconstruction Part 2- Beginning Oxidation:
Warhol or his assistants would urinate on the wet paint and
watch as the colors began to change. The bright blues took
longer to develop.
Reconstruction Part 3- Screen Print:
Warhol created his portrait of Basquiat by silk-screening his
image onto a previously oxidized canvas. The screen print
was created from Polaroid photos that were rendered black
and white and transferred to acetate film. Warhol eliminated
the halftones, sometimes by cutting sections out of the
acetates with scissors.
Reconstruction Part 4- The Finished Painting:
After the ink dried, masking tape cropping marks were attached
to show how the painting was to be stretched. (Portrait of
Christine Daulton's son.)


Editor's note:

To learn more about Joyce Hill Stoner readers can view a interview video of Dr Stoner from the Lunder Conversation Center of the Smithsonian American Art Museum and an October 29, 2003 article from UDaily of the University of Delaware on her advancement of the field of art conservation.

Readers may enjoy reading Joyce Hill Stoner's essay Jamie Wyeth: Proteus in Paint and these other articles in Resource Library concerning James Wyeth:

Resource Library contains approximately 200 Resource Library articles and essays citing Andy Warhol, including:

an essay on the artist by Lynne Cooke provided by the Dia Art Foundation, and

plus various articles on the Pop Art movement

and videos including:

Andy Warhol is a 77 minute 1987 video which was the first major profile of the American Pop-Art cult leader since his death in 1987. It covers Warhol's life and work through interviews, film clips and conversations with members of his family and his "superstar" friends. Featured are conversations with a dozen of his closest associates -- including Ondlne, Viva, John Giorno, Brlgid Berlin and others -- discussing his family, colleagues, the art world, and his impact on society.The video was produced by RM Arts; London Weekend Television

 

 

 

Andy Warhol: The Complete Picture was released in 2003 and is a 105 minute documentary on 2 tapes from Bfs Entertainment. Directed by Chris Rodley. Warhol was just as famous for being "Andy Warhol" as he was for his artwork. He was a celebrity's celebrity, yet he was also a shy, prolific artist who worked in everything from painting to film to music. This documentary provides a definitive look at Warhol's life and his creative process. Features rare audiotapes and films from the Warhol Foundation Archives in addition to interviews with Debbie Harry, Dennis Hopper and more. "Exhilaratingly thorough, a Complete Oxford English Dictionary of Warhol" (The Times). DVD :includes a Warhol chronology, filmography and more.

 

 

Superstar - The Life & Times of Andy Warhol is an 87 minute 1991 documentary directed by Chuck Workman from Marylin Lewis Entertainment, released through Winstar Home Entertainment. A documentary about the painter Andy Warhol which traces his life from Pittsburgh schoolboy to pop art legend. The film includes a behind the scenes look at "Factory" life and several enigmatic interviews given by Warhol over the years, as well as an array of images from Warhol's art and films.

 

 

 

Warhol is a 79 minute video which offers a profile of Andy Warhol's life and work examines a career that spanned painting, film, publishing, rock music, and television.

 

 

 

 

 

Biography: Andy Warhol. This video covers Pop artist Andy Warhol's life and work, from his paintings based on comic strips and photos of public personalities to his painted replicas of Campbell's Soup cans. 50 minutes. (quote courtesy Plains Art Msueum)

rev. 8/22/06

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Read more articles and essays concerning this institutional source by visiting the sub-index page for the Brandywine River Museum in Resource Library.


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